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2026年8月26日 星期三

梅乾與武士刀:在傳統文化中的古老智慧,揭開大和民族創新獨步的關鍵

 


在日圓不斷貶值、引發美日政府聯手救市的今天,全世界已經對日本國力留下衰退的印象。即使日本首相高市早苗不斷以大破大立的手段,試圖扭轉自泡沫經濟以來積弱不振的日本國內景氣,但壓在頂頭的少子化和僵固的形式主義,依舊像烏雲般籠罩在日本國運上空。

與上述唱衰觀點截然不同,《梅乾與武士刀》一書是由真心熱愛、讚揚日本文物的考古學者樋口清之所著。藉由他窮盡一生的文物探索和歷史考證所累積的發現,向讀者分享日本人獨創、有別於西方科學的、與大自然共生共榮的奇思巧技。身處在地震、颱風等災禍環繞的土地上,加上東方特有的敬天惜物風俗民情交互影響下,日本傳統的科學精神,不是歐美人所持的人定勝天,而是取法自然、順應環境的天人合一。

書中提及許多例子,像是運用石頭、原木所築成的河壩,相較於現代普通的水泥結構,更加環保、耐用,又相當美觀,能呈現出河川自然的風貌。在衣著方面,傳統的蓑衣、木屐,特別適合多雨潮溼的氣候,由自然素材製作,更有著極佳的透氣性和零汙染。反觀今日以塑膠材質製作的雨衣、鞋款,穿著過久容易讓人產生皮膚濕疹等困擾,不禁令你我省思,哪邊才是真正的進步呢?

書中舉出許多看似老掉牙,實際卻優於現代作法的人事物,涵蓋飲食、衣著,甚至是都市規劃等。作者主張,這些證據證明日本民族擁有優秀的開創性思維,能因地制宜地發明出像武士刀一樣兼具美感和實用性的生活用品,獨步全球。在世界各國一味追求經濟發展的今天,人類對自然環境持續造成不可逆的傷害,人和土地、森林和海洋的距離是越拉越遠,只能生活在由水泥、金屬打造而成的現代叢林。對比書中提及的古老智慧,人們真的是更進步嗎?

Today, as the Japanese yen continues to lose value and the Japanese and U.S. governments work together to stabilize the market, people around the world have begun to see Japan as a country in decline. Even though Japan’s Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, has repeatedly tried to turn the country’s struggling economy around with major reforms, Japan still faces serious problems such as a declining birth rate and a rigid culture of formalities. These problems continue to hang over the country like dark clouds.

However, *Umeboshi and the Samurai Sword* presents a very different view of Japan. The book was written by Kiyoyuki Higuchi, an archaeologist who deeply loved and admired Japanese cultural artifacts. Based on what he discovered through a lifetime of studying artifacts and researching history, Higuchi shares many unique ideas and practical skills developed by the Japanese. These ideas are different from Western science in some ways and focus on living in harmony with nature. Living in a land surrounded by natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons, and influenced by the traditional Eastern values of respecting nature and avoiding waste, the Japanese developed a traditional scientific spirit that was different from the idea of “conquering nature.” Instead, they learned from nature and adapted themselves to their environment.

The book gives many examples. For instance, some river dams were built using stones and logs. Compared with ordinary modern concrete structures, these traditional methods can be more environmentally friendly and durable, while also looking more natural and fitting better into the landscape of the river. When it comes to clothing, traditional rain capes made from natural materials and wooden sandals were especially suitable for Japan’s rainy and humid climate. They were highly breathable and produced almost no pollution. In contrast, modern raincoats and shoes made from plastic materials can cause problems such as skin irritation when worn for too long. This makes us stop and think: **What is real progress?**

The book introduces many things that may seem old-fashioned but can actually be better than some modern methods, including food, clothing, and even urban planning. The author argues that these examples show the Japanese people’s creativity and ability to adapt to their environment. They were able to create practical everyday products, such as the samurai sword, that combined beauty and usefulness in a way that was unique in the world. Today, countries around the world continue to pursue economic growth, while human beings are causing irreversible damage to the natural environment. We are becoming increasingly distant from the land, forests, and oceans, and are left living in a modern jungle made of concrete and metal. Compared with the ancient wisdom described in the book, **are we really more advanced than people in the past?**


2026年8月11日 星期二

台灣超越日本,真的嗎?鳳梨、便當、台積電,台日社會文化多樣交流的觀察與思索

 


在日本長崎原爆和平紀念典禮發生將台灣代表座位移到使節團區域外的事件後,打擊了台灣人對台日關係長期友好、以「絆」字所代表的美好想像。其實國際關係原本就錯綜複雜,更何況台灣有著全球罕見的外交困境,遇到官方往來和民間交流呈現的極端溫差,更是應該自立自強,發展、維持國家本身的軟、硬實力。如同這本《台灣超越日本真的嗎?》書名所示,隨著時代變遷、彼消我長的情況下,在東北亞,台灣幾乎快要迎頭趕上南韓、日本兩國,讓我們足以在 1960 年代後,再次在 AI 世代寫出另一篇台灣奇蹟。

作者野島剛是活躍於網路、週刊的媒體人/作者,長期深耕於了解台灣政治體制、產業文化、風俗民情,加上曾任朝日新聞社並外派多國的經歷,讓他在分析、評論日本、台灣兩國的各種議題時,都能以白話流暢的文字,一針見血地替讀者歸納重點。他是位相當友台的日本媒體人,更直白地說,他的政治思維是偏綠,並且是會為民進黨政策美言幾句的作家。不過整體來說,他討論的主題和抱持的立場,都是足夠客觀而且深具價值。

原本只是因為「台灣鐵道族為什麼不受我的家鄉便當?」這篇討論進軍台北車站的日本火車便當業者崎陽軒的文章,才開始翻閱這本書。雖然書籍有二分之一的內容是在討論台、日政治局勢的相關主題,較不受我的青睞;其餘偏向生活化、點出台灣特色的文章,能從日本人的眼中觀察自己,都非常有趣,也能帶來許多反思。台灣人和日本人在做事的風格上,台灣人求快,而日本人求穩。而在高速發展的現代經濟中,台灣人馬上做、錯了再改的方法,反而更能適應變化。

由這麼熱愛台灣的外國人眼光,點出台灣有待修正的缺點,更是值得我們加油改進。像是眾所皆知的行人地獄問題,平時待人和善的台灣人一旦坐上交通工具,便有如雙重人格般,路怒症隨之發作。台灣人求職、做事是以利益為導向;中小企業做事,少有經營事業的長遠眼光;個人謀職也不會有從事志業的職人精神。這是日本依舊優於台灣的觀念。

After the recent incident at the Nagasaki Peace Memorial Ceremony, where Taiwan's representative was moved outside the area reserved for official delegations, many Taiwanese people were disappointed by their long-held image of the friendly relationship between Taiwan and Japan, especially the idea of the bond represented by the Japanese word "kizuna." International relations have always been complicated. And Taiwan faces an unusual diplomatic situation that is rarely seen around the world. When there is such a big difference between official relations and the close exchanges between ordinary people, Taiwan should rely on itself even more. We need to develop and maintain both the soft power and hard power of our country. As the title of the book *Is Taiwan Really Overtaking Japan?* suggests, times are changing, and the balance between countries is also changing. In Northeast Asia, Taiwan is almost catching up with South Korea and Japan. This gives us a chance to create another "Taiwan Miracle" in the age of AI, just as we did after the 1960s.

The author, Tsuyoshi Nojima, is a media writer and author who is active on the Internet and in weekly magazines. He has spent many years studying Taiwan's political system, industries, culture, and way of life. He also worked for *The Asahi Shimbun* and was sent to several countries as a correspondent. Because of this experience, when he analyzes and comments on issues related to Japan and Taiwan, he can explain them in simple and fluent language and clearly point out the key ideas for readers. He is a very pro-Taiwan Japanese journalist. To put it more directly, his political views lean toward Taiwan's green camp, and he is a writer who is willing to say something nice about policies of the Democratic Progressive Party. However, overall, the topics he discusses and the positions he takes are objective enough and still provide great value.

I originally started reading this book because of an article titled "Why Don't Taiwanese Railway Fans Like My Hometown Bento?" It was about Kiyoken, a Japanese train bento company, trying to enter Taipei Main Station. About half of the book discusses political issues between Taiwan and Japan, which are not really my favorite topics. The other half is more about everyday life and the unique characteristics of Taiwan. It is very interesting to look at Taiwan through the eyes of Japanese people, and it gives us a lot to think about. In terms of how they work, Taiwanese people tend to value speed, while Japanese people tend to value stability. In today's fast-changing economy, however, the Taiwanese way of "do it first and fix it if something goes wrong" may actually be better suited to rapid changes.

It is especially valuable when a foreigner who loves Taiwan points out the things that Taiwan still needs to improve. We should take these comments seriously and do our best to improve. Take the well-known problem of Taiwan's "living hell for pedestrians," for example. Taiwanese people are usually friendly and kind, but once they get behind the wheel or onto the road, it can feel like they have a second personality, and their road rage suddenly appears. When Taiwanese people look for jobs or do business, they often focus on financial benefits. Small and medium-sized companies often lack a long-term vision for building a business. At the individual level, people looking for jobs often do not have the kind of professional spirit that comes from treating a job as a lifelong calling. This is one area where Japan is still better than Taiwan.


2022年12月23日 星期五

上一堂最好玩的日本學:政大超人氣通識課「從漫畫看日本」


不騙你,多看「尪仔冊」也能達到秀才不出門,能知天下事的境界。不信?那先讀這本「上一堂最好玩的日本學」,體會一下日本漫畫令人驚豔的深度與寬度。本書作者蔡增家教授專研東北亞區域研究,構思以日本漫畫作品為引子,帶領學生瞭解日本政經體制與社會文化的課程內容。書中提及的作品橫跨政治、產業、社會文化等眾多面向,蔡教授也都針對各個主題提綱挈領地分享他的見解、評論。

有別於台灣整天在瘋政治,日本社會大眾普遍對政治人物是「哀莫大於心死」。拉黨結派、老人政治、政二代、金權政治、密室協商,在民主制度下你所能想到的負面文化,日本通通有,而且還根深蒂固。民間對於政治人物的厭惡感反映五花八門的創作中,八九成的電視、漫畫橋段,扮演惡之一方的都是政治官員/民意代表。被提及的作品有「縣廳之星」、「王牌至尊」、「改革之獸」、「政治最前線」。「大使閣下的料理人」是混合了美食與外交雙主題,「沉默的艦隊」則是日本追求國家軍隊正常化的空想作品。

日本民族特有的「滅私奉公」與不鼓勵競爭的職場文化,我們能從「島耕作」各系列中一探究竟。從小被教導「不能給他人添麻煩」的公民教育,呈現出來的是逆來順受的國民素質和「有恥感、無罪感」的腹黑意識。日本人的道歉,多是為了犯罪事件造成社會大眾紛擾(給他人添麻煩),而非對犯罪的行為後悔。「心理醫恭介」和「家栽之人」能讓讀者便瞭解,日本的社會集體約束力帶來的社會/家庭問題。在老人議題上,「黃昏流星群」和「看護工向前衝」則是用不同角度(當事人/照顧者)來觀察高齡化社會慢慢浮現的危機與課題。

知識型漫畫一直以來是日本作品的強項,不論是討論第一級產業的「夏子的酒」、「銀之匙」,還是金融、服務等第三級產業的「金錢之拳」、「東大特訓班」,甚至以地下金融業為主題也有「浪花金融道」和「雙面魔術師」等,日本漫畫作品真的是五花八門、應有盡有。如果你尚未體會過日漫的醍醐味,用「上一堂最好玩的日本學」提及傑作來入門,絕對不會讓你敗興而歸。